Process for making a diallyl dicarbamate



Patented Mar. 15, 1949 PROCESS FOR MAKING A DIALLYL DICARBAMATE Joy G. Llchty and Nelson V. Secger, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, assignorr to Wingloot Corporation, Akron, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.

1 This invention relates to a new class of vinylidene dicarbamates and to the polymers thereof.

It has been discovered that the vinylidene dicarbamates of this invention may be readily polymerized to a hard, infusible, thermosetting and generally crystal clear polymeric mass. carbamates are characterized by the presence of two vinylidene radicals (--R:CH:) positioned in the ester group of the dicarbamate. The carbamyl groups (H2NC:O) are connected through a chain of at least two carbon atoms. It is this arrangement of atoms and the presence of these groups that permit the polymerization of these diesters to a mass having highly desirable characteristics.

The vinylidene dicarbamates have the general formula CH2:R"O2CNHRNHCO2R'2CH2 and may be referred to as being a vinylidene diester of a dlcarbamic acid having the general formula HOzCNHRNHCOzI-I in which R is an organic radical connecting the nitrogen atoms through a chain of at least'2 carbon atoms.

Generally these esters may be prepared by means of an addition reaction in which a diisocyanate (O:C:NRN:C:O) is reacted with a vinylidene alcohol (CI-IzzR/OH) in the absence or presence of an addition catalyst, depending upon the starting material used. The reaction may be represented in a general way as follows:

Any organic diisocyanate having the nitrogen atoms separated by at least 2 carbon atoms may be used. Suitable diisocyanates are those in which the radical -R is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, alkylene (R-') aralkylene (ArR-) cycloalkylene (CycloR) arylene (-Ar) alkarylene (RAr), alkylenearylene (A-Ar'-), and 4 The di- Application October 17, 1945, Serial No. 622,940

1 Claim. (Cl. 260-468) 2 A suitable heteroylene radical (-hetero-) is oxydipropylene (CaHc-O-C:Ht) etc.

The vinylidene alcohols having the general formula CI-hzR'OH that may be condensed with the organic diisocyanate are allyl alcohol, 2-chlorallyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol (aliycarbinol), 3-buten-2-ol (methylvinylcarbinol), i-penten- 3-01 (ethylvinylcarbinol) 4 penten 1 ol (3- allylethylalcohol) 4-penten-2-ol (allylmethylcarbinol) 2-methyl-4-penten-2-ol (allyldimethyh carbinol) 3-ethyl-5-hexen-3-ol- (allyldiethylcarbinol), 1,5-heptadiene-4-o1 bupleurol (2- methyl-6-methylenoctan-8-ol), geraniol 2,6-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-8-ol),linalool (2,6-dimethyl- 2,7-octadien-6-o1), 'ocimenol (2,6-dimethyl-l,'l-

. octadien-G-ol), sabinol, p terpineol (1-methyl-4- isopropenyl cyclohexan-l-ol), dihydrocarveol (1- methyl-4-isopropenyl-cyclohexan-2-ol), carveol (1-methyl-4-isopropenyl-6-cyclohexen-2-ol) isopulegol (1-methyl-4-isopropenyl cyclohexan- 3-01), perillyl alcohol (4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene carbinol), 2-allyle1-phenethyl-cyclohexanol, l-vlnylcyclohexanol, etc.

Another method of preparing these vinylidene ,dicarbamates comprises the reaction of a diamine with a divinylidene carbonate at a temperature and for a time suflicient to cause the elimination of an alcohol. Generally, the reaction may be carried out at a temperature between about C.- C. for about 1 hour to about 16 hours, depending upon the starting materials used.

Allrylene diamlnes having the general formula H2NCnH2nNH2 that may be used are ethylene diamine. propylene diamine, butylene diamine, amylene diamlne, hexylene diamine, decylene diamine, etc. Cycloaliphatic diamlnes that may be used are 1,4 cyclohexylene diamine, 1,3 cyclopentyiene diamine, etc. Aromatic diamlnes that may be used are 0-, p-. and m-phenylene diamine, toluidine diamlnes as 2.4 toluidine diamlne, p,p'diamlno diphenyl methane, etc. Heterocyclic diamlnes may be used, as 2.5 diamino pyridine, etc. Aralkylene diamlnes maybe used. as phenylethylene diamine. etc.

The vinylidene carbonates that may be used are diallylcarbonate, bis (methallyl) carbonate, bis (chlorallyl) carbonate and the carbonates of the vinylidene alcohols hereinbei'ore mentioned prepared by means ofthe reaction of phosgene with the alcohol in the molar ratio of 1 to 2.

Still another method for preparing these vinylidene dlcarbamates comprises the reaction of a diamine (above described) with a vinylidene formyl chloride (CI-1::ROCOC1). The vinylidene formyl chloride is prepared by reacting a vinyli- 3 dene alcohol with phosgene. Vinyl formyl chloride is prepared as shown in U. S. 2,377,085.

The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. It should be under stood, however, that these examples are intended to be illustrative only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The term parts" whenever hereinafter used signifies parts by weight."

EXAMPLE 1 Hexamethylene bis(allyl carbamate) and polymer One-half mol (29 grams) ofallyl alcohol was added to A mol (21 grams) of hexamethylene diisocyanate. An exothermic reaction took place 7 and a white, low-melting solid separated, The

roduct recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and hexane, melted at 60-90 C. and was identifled as being hexamethylene bis (allyl-carbamate).

The carbamate was heated at a temperature of 90-95 C. for 24 hours in the presence of a catalytic amount of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide to produce a solid, transparent, infusible, glass-like polymeric resin.

EXAMPLE 2 Ethylene bisiallylcarbamate) and polymer One mol of ethylene diamine was added to 2 mols of diallyl carbonate and the mixture heated first at a temperature of 110 C. for 16 hours and then at a temperature of 150 C. for 8 hours to give a 75% yield of ethylene bis(allyl carbamate). This material polymerized in the presence of a catalytic amount of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide when heated at a temperature of 90-95 C. for 24 hours to a hard, transparent, infusible, thermosetting resin,

EXAMPLE 3 Ethylene biflmethallyl carbamate) and polymer EXAMPLE 4 Hexamethylene bis(methallyl carbamate) and Polymer One mol of hexamethylene diamine was added to 2 mols or dimethylallyl carbonate and the mix- 4 ture heated at a temperature of C. for 15 hours and then at C. for 9 hours to produce a reaction mass from which was recovered a yield of 73% of a product identified as being hexamethylene bis(methailyl carbamate). This ester was heated at a temperature of 110 C, for 24 hours in the presence of '1-2% of tertiarybutyl hydroperoxide to produce an opaque. thermosetting, infusible, hard, polymeric resin.

The polymerization of the carbamates oi. this invention may be generally effected by means or heat alone. 'However, polymerization is aided in the presence of a catalyst, for example an oxygenproducing polymerization catalyst, such as sodium peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, sodium perborate and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide. The catalyst may be used in an amount between about 0.5% and about 4%. Generally, the catalyst is used in an amount between about 1% and about 2%. The temperature for the polymerization may be any temperature below the decomposition of the polymer. Generally, a temperature between about 80 C. and about C, is satisfactory, depending in each case upon the particular carbamate being polymerized.

This is a continuation-in-part application of our application Serial No. 500,932, filed September 2, 1943, abandoned.

Suitable changes may be made in the details of the process without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, the proper limits of which are defined in the appended claim.

We claim:

The method of producing a dicarbamate which comprises reacting two mols of diallyl carbonate with one mol of a diamine having the general formula HzNRNHz in which R is taken from the group consisting of cyclopentylene and cyclohexylene radicals, the nitrogen atoms being connected through at least two carbon atoms, until th reaction is complete.

JOY G. LICH'I'Y.

NELSON V. SEEGER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

